Panduan Lengkap Perintah Terminal Linux: Semua Distro (Debian, Ubuntu, Arch, Fedora, Mint, dll)
1. Perintah Dasar Linux
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| pwd | Menampilkan direktori aktif |
| ls | Menampilkan isi direktori |
| cd [path] | Berpindah direktori |
| mkdir [nama_folder] | Membuat folder |
| rmdir [nama_folder] | Menghapus folder kosong |
| touch [file] | Membuat file kosong |
| cp [asal] [tujuan] | Menyalin file/folder |
| mv [asal] [tujuan] | Memindahkan/rename file/folder |
| rm [file] | Menghapus file |
| rm -r [folder] | Menghapus folder dan isinya |
| clear | Membersihkan tampilan terminal |
| exit | Keluar dari sesi terminal |
2. Manipulasi File Teks
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| cat [file] | Menampilkan isi file |
| less [file] / more [file] | Navigasi isi file |
| head [file] | Menampilkan 10 baris pertama |
| tail [file] | Menampilkan 10 baris terakhir |
| nano [file] | Editor teks ringan |
| vim [file] | Editor teks lanjutan |
| echo "teks" > file.txt | Menulis teks ke file |
| echo "tambah" >> file.txt | Menambahkan teks ke file |
| grep "kata" file.txt | Mencari teks |
| wc -l file.txt | Menghitung jumlah baris |
| cut -d':' -f1 /etc/passwd | Memotong kolom file teks |
3. Perintah Sistem dan Informasi
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| uname -a | Informasi kernel dan sistem |
| hostname | Menampilkan hostname |
| uptime | Waktu aktif sistem |
| top / htop | Monitor proses (htop = UI interaktif) |
| ps aux | Daftar proses aktif |
| free -h | Informasi penggunaan RAM |
| df -h | Informasi penggunaan disk |
| du -sh | Ukuran direktori |
| lscpu / lsblk | Info CPU / perangkat blok |
| whoami | Nama pengguna saat ini |
| id | UID dan grup user |
| history | Riwayat perintah |
| time [command] | Mengukur waktu eksekusi |
5. Manajemen Paket
Debian/Ubuntu/Mint
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| sudo apt update | Update repository |
| sudo apt upgrade | Upgrade semua paket |
| sudo apt install [paket] | Install paket |
| sudo apt remove [paket] | Hapus paket |
| sudo apt autoremove | Bersihkan dependensi |
| dpkg -i file.deb | Install file .deb |
Fedora/RHEL/CentOS
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| sudo dnf install [paket] | Install paket |
| sudo dnf update | Update sistem |
Arch/Manjaro
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| sudo pacman -Syu | Update sistem |
| sudo pacman -S [paket] | Install paket |
| sudo pacman -R [paket] | Hapus paket |
| yay -S [paket] | Install dari AUR (butuh yay) |
6. Manajemen User dan Grup
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| adduser [nama] | Tambah user |
| passwd [nama] | Ganti password user |
| usermod -aG sudo [nama] | Tambah user ke grup sudo |
| deluser [nama] | Hapus user |
| groupadd [nama] | Buat grup |
| groupdel [nama] | Hapus grup |
7. Keamanan dan Hak Akses
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| chmod +x file | Jadikan file bisa dieksekusi |
| chmod 755 file | Atur permission |
| chown user:group file | Ubah kepemilikan file |
| sudo | Jalankan sebagai admin |
| ufw enable | Aktifkan firewall |
| ufw allow 22 | Izinkan port SSH |
| sudo visudo | Edit hak akses sudoer |
8. Perintah Kompresi dan Arsip
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| tar -cvf file.tar folder/ | Kompres ke .tar |
| tar -xvf file.tar | Ekstrak .tar |
| tar -czvf file.tar.gz folder/ | Kompres .tar.gz |
| unzip file.zip | Ekstrak .zip |
| zip -r file.zip folder/ | Buat .zip |
9. Perintah Monitoring & Logging
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| journalctl | Log sistem |
| dmesg | Log kernel |
| tail -f /var/log/syslog | Lihat log berjalan |
| iostat, vmstat, iotop | Monitor I/O & proses (butuh install) |
10. Shortcut & Productivity
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| alias | Buat alias perintah |
| ctrl + c | Hentikan proses |
| ctrl + z | Suspend proses |
| bg, fg | Pindah proses background/foreground |
| jobs | Lihat daftar proses |
| xargs | Kirim output sebagai input |
| tee | Output ke file dan terminal |
| watch [cmd] | Jalankan perintah berkala |
11. Custom Prompt & Theme
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| PS1="[\u@\h \W]\$ " | Atur prompt terminal |
| export PS1="..." | Sementara, bisa dimasukkan ke .bashrc |
| source ~/.bashrc | Terapkan perubahan prompt |
| bash --version | Cek versi Bash |
| zsh | Gunakan ZSH shell (butuh install) |
12. Cloud & SSH
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| ssh user@ip | Koneksi SSH |
| scp file user@ip:/tujuan/ | Copy file via SSH |
| rsync -avz | Sinkronisasi file |
| ssh-keygen | Generate SSH key |
| ssh-copy-id user@ip | Salin public key ke server |
13. Container & Virtualisasi (Opsional)
| Perintah | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| docker ps / docker run | Manajemen kontainer |
| lxc list / lxc launch | LXD container |
| virt-manager | Virtual Machine GUI |
| qemu / kvm | Virtualisasi |
Panduan Lengkap Perintah Terminal Linux untuk Semua Distro
1. Manajemen File & Direktori
| Tujuan | Perintah |
|---|---|
| Lihat isi direktori | ls, ls -l, ls -a |
| Buat folder | mkdir nama_folder |
| Hapus folder kosong | rmdir nama_folder |
| Hapus file | rm file.txt |
| Hapus folder & isinya | rm -r folder |
| Copy file | cp file1.txt file2.txt |
| Copy folder | cp -r folder1 folder2 |
| Pindah/rename file | mv file.txt /tujuan/ |
| Lihat lokasi sekarang | pwd |
| Ganti direktori | cd /home/user/Documents |
| Kembali 1 level | cd .. |
2. Membuat & Mengedit File
| Tujuan | Perintah |
|---|---|
| Buat file kosong | touch file.txt |
| Buat file pakai echo | echo "Halo" > file.txt |
| Tambah teks ke file | echo "baris tambahan" >> file.txt |
| Edit file dengan nano | nano file.txt |
| Edit file dengan vim | vim file.txt |
| Edit file dengan vi | vi file.txt |
| Lihat isi file | cat file.txt |
| Lihat isi + line number | nl file.txt |
| Lihat awal isi file | head file.txt |
| Lihat akhir isi file | tail file.txt |
| Lihat file realtime (log) | tail -f /var/log/syslog |
3. Sistem & Informasi
| Tujuan | Perintah |
|---|---|
| Informasi sistem | uname -a |
| Informasi CPU | lscpu |
| Informasi RAM | free -h |
| Informasi disk | df -h |
| Penggunaan disk per direktori | du -sh * |
| Penggunaan sistem | top atau htop |
| Info kernel | uname -r |
| Info perangkat keras | lshw, lsblk, lspci, lsusb |
4. Manajemen Paket
Debian/Ubuntu/Mint:
Bash:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install nama_paket
sudo apt remove nama_paketArch/Manjaro:
Bash:
sudo pacman -Syu
sudo pacman -S nama_paket
sudo pacman -R nama_paketFedora:
Bash:
sudo dnf upgrade
sudo dnf install nama_paket
sudo dnf remove nama_paket
5. Jaringan
| Tujuan | Perintah |
|---|---|
| Cek koneksi internet | ping google.com |
| Cek IP lokal | ip a atau ifconfig |
| Cek IP publik | curl ifconfig.me |
| Tes DNS | nslookup domain.com |
| Download file | wget url, curl -O url |
| Koneksi aktif | netstat -tuln, ss -tuln |
6. User & Permission
| Tujuan | Perintah |
|---|---|
| Tambah user | sudo adduser nama_user |
| Ganti password | passwd |
| Ganti password user lain | sudo passwd nama_user |
| Tambah ke sudo | sudo usermod -aG sudo nama_user |
| Lihat user login | who, w, users |
| Ganti permission | chmod 755 file |
| Ganti owner | chown user:group file |
7. Proses & Service
| Tujuan | Perintah |
|---|---|
| Lihat proses | ps aux |
| Hentikan proses | kill PID, killall nama_proses |
| Jalankan service | sudo systemctl start nama |
| Hentikan service | sudo systemctl stop nama |
| Enable service | sudo systemctl enable nama |
| Disable service | sudo systemctl disable nama |
| Cek status | systemctl status nama |
8. Update & Upgrade Sistem
- Debian/Ubuntu:
Bash:sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade - Arch:
Bash:sudo pacman -Syu - Fedora:
Bash:sudo dnf upgrade
9. Perintah Miscellaneous
| Tujuan | Perintah |
|---|---|
| Clear terminal | clear |
| Jalankan perintah sebagai root | sudo |
| Cek history perintah | history |
| Jalankan perintah terakhir | !! |
| Shutdown | sudo poweroff |
| Reboot | sudo reboot |
| Cek waktu | date |
| Cek uptime | uptime |
10. Skrip & Eksekusi
| Tujuan | Perintah |
|---|---|
| Buat skrip | nano script.sh |
| Isi skrip: |
Bash:
#!/bin/bash
echo "Halo Dunia"
| Buat executable | chmod +x script.sh |
| Jalankan skrip | ./script.sh | BONUS: Command untuk Otomatisasi & Pencarian
| Tujuan | Perintah |
|---|---|
| Cari file | find / -name file.txt |
| Cari isi file | grep "kata" file.txt |
| Gabungkan perintah | perintah1 && perintah2 |
| Jalankan background | perintah & |
| Cronjob | crontab -e |
